Cryogenics

Cryogenics, or low-temperature physics, science that studies the production, maintenance, and effects of very low temperatures. A substance's temperature can be lowered by cooling with liquefied gases, removing energy from it, or successively magnetizing and demagnetizing it. The study of superconductivity and superfluidity, conditions which prevail at very low temperatures, are part of cryogenics.

See also: Cryobiology; Absolute zero.