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J(ohn) Edgar Hoover

Hoover, J(ohn) Edgar (1895–1972), director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death. Hoover made the FBI an efficient apparatus to fight organized crime. After World War II, at Hoover's direction, the FBI began a crusade against “subversives,” targeting leftist activists. By the 1960s and 1970s Hoover's conservative political views and the FBI's violation of the civil rights of its opponents made him the center of controversy. He published a number of books, including Masters of Deceit (1958) and J. Edgar Hoover on Communism (1969).

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Herbert Clark Hoover
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