Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne (pop. 281,700), city in northern England, on the North Sea and the river Tyne. It is a center for industry, known mainly because of its coal mines, which have been active since the 18th century. It is also a center for education. An ancient Roman community, the city received its current name from the “new castle” built there by William the Conqueror (1080).

See also: England.