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History Reference: Ancient History & World History

A comprehensive reference for ancient history and the middle ages, this website is a broad overview of nearly every important historical event in the ancient world and the middle ages - from the "cradle of civilization" in Mesopotamia through the rise and fall of the Roman empire, the Dark Ages and the Renaissance.

In addition to extensive information on world history, JRank.org/history/ is also proud to host the Encyclopedia of Canadian History, an in-depth look at the people and events that shaped the Canadian nation and modern Canadian government.

The Eastern Hemisphere - Geography, Globes, Maps and Graphs

How Do the Five Themes of Geography Connect the World?, How Do I Use Globes and Maps? - Globes, How Do I Read Latitude and Longitude?, Maps, What Are the Parts of a Map?, What Are the Different Types of Maps and Graphs? - What Are Physical Maps?, What Are Political Maps?, What Are Special Purpose Maps?, Review…

The Eastern Hemisphere - Europe and Russia

Where Is The Eastern Hemisphere? - Where Does the West End and the East Begin?, Comparing Graphs, What Is Culture?, What Is The Geography of Europe and Russia? - What Is the Climate Like?, How Is the Land in Europe Used?, How Has History Affected the People of Western Europe? - Who Are the People of Western Europe?, What Is Western Europe Like Today?, How Has History Affected the People of Eastern Europe & Russia? - Who Are the People of Eastern Europe?, What Is Eastern Europe Like Today?, Looking At ITALY - Where in the World Is Italy?, What Is the Geography of Italy?…

The Eastern Hemisphere - Asia

What Is Asia Like?, What Is the Geography of Asia? - What Is the Climate Like?, How Is the Land in Asia Used?, How Has History Affected the People of East Asia? - Who Are the People of East Asia?, What Is East Asia Like Today?, How Has History Affected the People of Central Asia? - Who Are the People of Central Asia?, What Is Central Asia Like Today?, How Has History Affected the People of Southeast Asia? - Who Are the People of Southeast Asia?, What Is Southeast Asia Like Today?, Looking At JAPAN - Where in the World Is Japan?, What Is the Geography of Japan?…

The Eastern Hemisphere - Africa

What Is Africa Like?, What Is the Geography of Africa? - What Is the Climate Like?, How Has History Affected the People of North Africa? - Who Are the People of North Africa?, What Is North Africa Like Today?, How Has History Affected the People of Sub-Saharan Africa? - Who Are the People of Sub-Saharan Africa?, Looking At KENYA - Where in the World Is Kenya?, What Is the Geography of Kenya?, Review…

The Eastern Hemisphere - Australia and the Pacific Region

What Is Australia and the Pacific Region Like?, What Is the Geography of Australia and the Pacific Region? - What Is the Climate Like?, How Is the Land Used?, How Has History Affected the People of Australia and the Pacific Region? - Who Are the People of Australia and the Pacific Region?, Looking At New Zealand - Where in the World Is New Zealand?, What Is the Geography of New Zealand?, Review…

The Eastern Hemisphere - Atlas

ATLAS…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Aachen to Anacreon Biography

a latere, Aachen, Abbasids, Abbess, abbey, Abbo of Fleury Biography, Abbo of Saint-Germain Biography, Abbot, Abbreviator, abduction, abecedarium, Peter Abelard Biography, Aberdeen, abjuration, ablution, Abraham, Abraham's Bosom, Isaac Abravanel Biography, Abruzzi, absolutio, absolution, abstraction, acathistos, acclamations, acedia, acheiropoietos, acolyte, Acre, acrostic, act and potency, active life, contemplative life, acts of bishops, ad extra, ad intra, ad limina, Adalard of Corbie Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Anagni to Assizes

Antipopem Anacletus II Biography, Anagni, analogy, anaphora, Anathema, anchorite, anchoress, Andorra, Andrew II of Hungary Biography, Andrew of Longjumeau Biography, Andrew of Saint-victor Biography, angel, Angela of Foligno Biography, angelic pope, Fra Angelico Biography, Angelus, Angelus, Dynasty of, Angevins of Hungary, Angevins of Naples, Angles, Anglo-Norman language and literature, Anglo-Saxons, Ani, animals, Anjou, Angers, annals, annates, Anne and Joachim, anniversaries, annunciation, Anskar or Ansgar Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Associations to Botany

Ambrosius Autpertus Biography, assumption, astrolabe, astrology, astronomy, Asylum, Right of, Athanasius I of Constantinople Biography, Athos, Atto of Vercelli Biography, Audoin Biography, auctoritates, Augsburg, Augustine, Rule of saint, Augustine of Ancona Biography, Augustine of Canterbury Biography, Augustinianism, ausculta fili, Austrasia, authority, Autun, Auxerre, Avars, ave maria, Averroes, Averroism, Avicebron Biography, Avicenna Biography, Avignon, Ayyubids, Azyme, Azymites, Babel, Tower of, Baghdad, bailli, bailliage, Baldwin I of Jerusalem Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Paul Emile Botta Biography to Cereals

Alfonso Buenhombre Biography, Cardinal d᾽ Amboise Biography, Boucicaut Master Biography, bourg, Bourges Cathedral, Brabant, Braga, Brandenburg, Bread, Bremen, Brethren of the common life, Breviary, Bridge, Bridget, Bridgettines Biography, Brief, Apostolic, Bristol, Brittany, Brogne, Brou, Bruges, Bruno of La Chartreuse Biography, Brussels, Buda and Pest, Bulgaria, Bulgars, Bull, Burchard of Worms Biography, Burgos, Burgundians, Burgundy, Burial, Bursfeld, Bury Saint Edmunds, Johann Busch Biography, Byzantine and Syriac Liturgies…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Ceremonial to Confraternities

Angelo Clareno Biography, Ceremonial, Giuliano Cesarini senior Biography, Chair of Saint Peter, Chaise-Dieu, La, Chaldeans, chalice, chalice for the laity, chamber of cardinals, chamberlain, Champagne, chancellor, chancery, chancery, pontifical, chanson de geste, Chanson de Roland, chapel, chaplain, chaplaincy, chaplet, chapter, chapters, Biblical, character, charism, charity, charivari, Charlemagne Biography, Charles the Bald Biography, Charles I of Anjou Biography, Charles II of Anjou Biography, Charles V of France Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Conōn (1) Biography to Piero della Francesca Biography

Adam de la Halle Biography, Alain de la Roche Biography, Antonio da Butrio Biography, Bernard Délicieux Biography, conques, Conrad of Gelnhausen Biography, Conrad of Grossis, also called Conrad of Prussia or Conrad of Brussia Biography, Conrad of Marburg Biography, Conrad of Mazovia Biography, Conrad of Urach, also called of Zähringen Biography, Conradin of Swabia Biography, conscience, consecration, consecration of kings, consecration of virgins, consistory, Constance, Constance, council of, Constance of Hauteville Biography, Constantine The African, Constantinople, contemplation…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Ugolino della Gherardesca Biography to Elias of Cortona Biography

Arnolfo di cambio Biography, Bertrand du Poujet Biography, Chrétien de Troyes Biography, Christine de Pizan or Christine Pisan Biography, Cola di Rienzo Biography, demiurge, demography, demon, demonology, Denis the Carthusian, Denmark, denunciation, Descent into Hell, desert, Desiderius Biography, Desiderius of Monte Cassino Biography, Deuterocanonicals, Deventer, Devotio Moderna, devotion, literature of, devotional practices, dhimmī, Dhuoda Biography, dialectic, Dictatus papae, Diego of Osma, Dies irae, Dietrich of Niem, Dijon, diocese, Dionysius bar Salībī…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Eligius of Noyon Biography to Feddersen Wierde

Bohemian Ploughman, Emperor Charles IV Biography, compactata of Jihlava, compactata of Prague, Emperor Constantine I Biography, Emperor Constantine V Biography, Constitutions of Melfi, Credo, Creed, cursus, Decretum of Gratian, disputatio, disputation, Eligius of Noyon Biography, Elijah, Elipandus of Toledo Biography, Elisha, Elizabeth of Hungary or Elizabeth of Thuringia Biography, Elizabeth of Schönau Biography, Ellwangen, Elucidarium, ember days, embolism, embroidery, Emir, Emmaus, Meeting at, Emmeram, Empire in the West, Enamels, encellulement, enclosure…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Federal states to Glasgow

Felix V Biography, Felony, Feria, Ferrara, Ferule, Feud, Feudalism, Fez, fibula, Guillaume Fichet Biography, Marsilio Ficino Biography, Fief, Fieschi family, Francesco Filelfo Biography, Filioque, Filles-Dieu, Final Ends, Finland, fiqh, Fire, Penalty of, Fisherman'S Ring, Flagellants, Flagellation of Christ, Flagellation, Practice of, Flambeau, Flamboyant Gothic, Flanders, Fleury-Sur-Loire, Flight into Egypt, Flodoard Biography, Florence, Florence, Council of, Florilegium, Florus of Lyon Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Glass to Hieronymus Biography

Afonso I Henriques Biography, Bar Hebraeus Biography, Bernard Gui Biography, Dafydd ap Gwilym Biography, Guillaume Durand of Mende the Elder Biography, Guillaume Durand of Mende the Younger Biography, glass, Glastonbury, Gloria, glory, Glossaries, Jewish, Glosses, legal, Glosses on the Bible, French, Glosses on the Bible, Latin, Gloucester, Gniezno, God, God the Father, Godfrey of Bouillon Biography, Godfrey of Fontaines Biography, Godfrey of Huy Biography, Godfrey of Saint-Victor Biography, godparents, Gold, Golden Horde…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Hierophantēs to Isthmian Games

Abraham Bar Hiyya Biography, Abraham ibn da'ud Biography, Abraham ibn Ezra Biography, Gabriel II (ibn al-Turayk) Biography, Hilarion of Kiev Biography, Hildebert of Lavardin Biography, Hildegard of Bingen Biography, Hildesheim, Hilduin Biography, John Hilton Biography, Walter Hilton Biography, Hincmar of Reims Biography, Hirsau, Hispanic Liturgy, Hispano-Arabic Literature, History, Historiography, Hohenzollern, Holy Blood, Holy Days of Obligation, Holy Face, Holy Family, Holy Lance, Holy Land, Holy Sepulchre, Holy Sepulchre, Order of Canons of…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Istria to Latium

Genghis Khān Biography, Ibn Khaldūn Biography, Istria, Italian Language, Origins of, Italy, Itineraries, Byzantine, Ivan III Biography, Ivo of Chartres Biography, Ivories, Jacob Biography, Jacob Of Edessa Biography, Jacob's Ladder, Jacobellus of Stříbro Biography, Jacobites, Jacquemart of Hesdin Biography, Jacqueries, Jagiellonians, Jakub of Paradyż Biography, James of Lausanne Biography, James of the Marches Biography, James of Viterbo Biography, Jeremiah, Jerome Biography, Jerome of Prague Biography, Jerusalem, Jesuates, Jewish Quarter, Jews in the Middle Ages…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Latvia to Mamlūk

Jean Lemoine Biography, Lambert Le Bègue Biography, Latvia, lauds, Lavabo, Lawrence of Spain Biography, Laying on of hands, Lazarus, Le Mans Cathedral, Le Puy, Leander of Seville, Lebanon, Lectern, Lectio Divina, Lecture, Legacy, Legate, Papal, legend, Legendary, legists, Leipzig, Lent, Leo V the Armenian Biography, Leo of Ohrid Biography, Leodegar of Autun Biography, León, Leper, Leprosy, leper-house, -hospital, Lérins, Letter, Leviathan, Lewes, Libelli precum…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Man to Moissac

Adam Marsh (Adam de Marisco) Biography, Charles Martel Biography, man, John Mandeville Biography, mandorla, Manegold of Lautenbach Biography, Manfred Biography, maniple, manna, manse, Mansura, Mantellates, Mantua, map, mappa mundi, Marbod of Rennes Biography, Marburg, march, marches, Marco Polo Biography, Margaret of Cortona Biography, Margaret of Scotland Biography, Marie of Champagne Biography, Marie of Oignies Biography, Marienburg, Maritime Republics, Market, Simon Marmion Biography, Marmoutier, Maronites, Marozia Biography, marrano, Marriage…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Moldavia to Offices

Alexander Nevsky Biography, Johann Nider Biography, Joseph Ben Nathan the Official Biography, Moldavia, Molesmes, Monaco, Monarchy, monastic theology, Monasticism, Money, Mongol empire, monoenergism, Monogram, monothelism, Monreale, monstrance, Monte Cassino, Monte Sant'angelo, Montefeltro, Montevergine, Montpellier, Mont-Saint-Michel, Montserrat, morality play, Moravia, Morimond, Morocco, Christianity in, Alberto Morosini Biography, Mortification, Mortmain, Mosaic, Mosan art, Moscow, mosque, motet, motte and bailey, Mozarab…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Official to Pentēkontaĕtia

Alvaro Pelayo Biography, Ibn Pakūda Biography, John Peckham Biography, Matthew Paris Biography, official, officiality, Ohrid, oils, holy, Sir John Oldcastle Biography, Oliba of Vich, Olivetans, Olympus, Öngüt, ontology, optics, opus, oration, oratory, ordeal, order, Orderic of Pordenone (Odoric of Pordenone) Biography, orders, religious, orders, sacrament of, ordinance, ordinary, ordination, ordines romani, Nicole Oresme Biography, organ, orientation of churches, Origen, Origenism Biography, Orléans, Orsini family…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Pentheus to Pope Nicholas II Biography

Pope Adeodatus II Biography, pope Adrian I Biography, Pope Adrian IV Biography, Pope Agapetus II Biography, Pope Agatho Biography, Pope Alexander II Biography, Pope Alexander III Biography, Pope Alexander IV Biography, Pope Benedict XI Biography, Pope Benedict XII Biography, Pope Benedict XIII Biography, Pope Boniface VIII Biography, Pope Boniface IX Biography, Pope Celestine III Biography, Pope Celestine V Biography, pope Clement IV Biography, pope Clement V Biography, pope Clement VI Biography, Pope Eugenius III Biography, Pope Eugenius IV Biography, Pope Formosus Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Pope Nicholas III Biography to Rayonnant Gothic

Dadisho Qatraya Biography, Pseudo- Dionysius the Areopagite Biography, Jean Quidort Biography, Pope Nicholas III Biography, Pope Nicholas IV Biography, Pope Nicholas V Biography, Pope Paschal I Biography, Pope Paschal II Biography, Paschasius Radbertus Biography, Pope, Papacy, popolo, Poppo of Stavelot Biography, Popular Crusades and Children's Crusade, Popular Religion, Porphyrogenete, Porrection, Portio Congrua, Portiuncula, portrait, Port, Portugal, portulan, Postcommunion, Postilla, pouillé, Poverty, the Poor, Poverty, Voluntary, Poznań, Praepositinus of Cremona Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Reader to Santa Maria Maggiore

Edmund Rich Biography, Eudes Rigaud Biography, Jacob Ben Reuben Biography, John ibn Sabbā ' Biography, John of Dalyatha or John Sabas Biography, Reader, Readings, Realism, Reason, Recared Biography, Recess Tomb, Recluse, Recommendation, Recommendation of the soul, Reconquest (Reconquista), Rector, Redemption, Reform, Regalia, Regino of Prüm Biography, Regulars, Reichenau, Reims, Relics, Relics, Translation of, Religion, Virtue of, Reliquary, Remigius of Auxerre Biography, Renaissance, renovatio imperii romanorum, Rent, repenties…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: San Vincenzo al Volturno to Sphactēria

Amda Sion Biography, Second Council of Nicaea Biography, San Vincenzo al Volturno, Saracens, Saragossa, Sardinia, Stefano Sassetta Biography, satisfaction, sauveté, Sava of Serbia Biography, Savigny, Girolamo Savonarola Biography, Savoy, Saxons, Saxony, Scala coeli, scaldic poetry, Scandinavia, scapular, Scetis, Desert of, schèma, Schism, Schismatic, Schola Cantorum, Scholasticism, scholasticus, Martin Schongauer Biography, schools, science, Scotland, script, scriptorium, scrutinies, Seal, Sigillography, Sebald Biography, secret, secular arm…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Sphinx to Thomas a Kempis Biography

the Cid Biography, John Stojković of Ragusa Biography, John Teutonicus Biography, Nersēs IV S̆Norhali Biography, Simon Stock Biography, spices, Spiritual direction, spiritual ladder, Spiritual Marriage, spirituality, Spirituals, spoil, Right of, Spoleto, Stabat Mater, staff, pastoral, Elsbeth Stagel Biography, stained glass, stalls, Stanislas of Cracow, State, States of the Church, statutes, communal, statutes, synodal, Staufen, Stedinger, Stephen I of Hungary Biography, Stephen of Bourbon Biography, Stephen of Muret Biography, Stephen the Younger Biography…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Thomas of Cantimpré Biography to Vectīgal

Farinata Degli Uberti Biography, Óengus mac Óengaba(nn) ua Oíbléin Biography, Óláfr Tryggvason Biography, Thomas of Cantimpré Biography, Thomas of Celano Biography, Thomas of Marga Biography, Thomas of Strasbourg Biography, Thomas of York Biography, Thorlákr Thórhallsson Biography, Throne, Thurifer, Thuringia, Tiara, Time, Time, Measurement OF, Tithe, Title, Canonical, Tobias Biography, Toledo, Tolerance, Tomb, Grave, Tonsure, Juan de Torquemada Biography, Tomás de Torquemada Biography, Torture, Tosafoth, Töss, Toulouse, Tournai…

Ancient History to the Middle Ages: Vegetarianism to ʼAlī Biography

ʼAbdisho of Nisibis Biography, Æthelberht of Kent Biography, ʼAlī Biography, Euthymius Zigabenus Biography, Gottfried von Strassburg Biography, John VIII Xiphilinus Biography, William of Ockham Ockhamism Biography, Orderic Vitalis Biography, Veil, Veneto, Domenico Veneziano Biography, venia, Venice, Verdun, vernacular languages, Verona, Veronica, Andrea del Verrocchio Biography, Verse, Vespers, Vessel, Sacred, Vestments, Liturgical, Veszprém, Vézelay, Viaticum, Vicar, Vices and Virtues, vicus, vidame, Vienna, Vienne, Vienne, Council of, Vigil…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: ‘20th century belongs to Canada’ to Canadian Youth Commission

Jean-Vincent d' Abbadie de Saint-Castin Biography, Maude E. Abbott Biography, William Aberhart Biography, Aboriginal art, Aboriginal enfranchisement, Aboriginal games, Aboriginal land claims, northern Canada, Aboriginal languages, Aboriginal missions in the West, Aboriginal Peoples, Royal Commission on, Aboriginal political organizations, Aboriginal reserve agriculture, Aboriginal rights, Aboriginals and European diseases, Aboriginals in the fur trade, Aboriginal spiritual beliefs, Aboriginal title and treaty rights, Aboriginal warfare, abortion, academic freedom, Acadia, Acadian civil war, Acadian commercial relations…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: Canadien to Finns

Canadien, Le, canals, CANLOAN, canoeing, canoe routes, Canol pipeline, Cape Breton coal strikes, Cape Breton Island, capital punishment, capitulation of Canada, Cariboo gold rush, Cariboo Wagon Road, Caribou, Carignan-Salières Regiment, Guy Carleton 1st Baron Dorchester Biography, Emily Carr Biography, Carrothers Commission, William Carson Biography, George-Étienne Cartier Biography, Jacques Cartier Biography, cartography, cartoonists, George Cartwright Biography, Joseph Casavant Biography, Thérèse Forget Casgrain Biography, Peter J. Cashin Biography, Catholic emancipation, censorship…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: Fires to Klondike gold rush

fires, First World War, fisheries, Fishermen's Protective Union, Fishery Protection Service, fishing admirals, Alfred Fitzpatrick Biography, five cent speech, fixed link, flag, Sir Joseph Wesley Flavelle Biography, Michael Anthony Fleming Biography, Sir Sandford Fleming Biography, Florizel, football, foreign aid, foreign missions, foreign ownership, foreign policy, Eugene Alfred Forsey Biography, Fort Beauséjour, Fort Chipewyan, Fort Garry, fortifications, Fort Whoop-Up, founding peoples, founding nations, franchise, franchises, Franciscans, Francophonie, Sir John Franklin Biography…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: Knights of Columbus to North Pole

Knights of Columbus, Knights of Columbus fire, Knights of Labor, Komagata Maru, Korean War, Cornelius Krieghoff Biography, Ku Klux Klan, La Bolduc (Mary Rose-Anne Travers) Biography, labour law, Labrador, Albert Lacombe Biography, Marie Lacoste-Gérin-Lajoie Biography, lacrosse, Joseph-Clovis-Kemner Laflamme Biography, Sir Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine Biography, Louis-Armand de Lom d'Arce Lahontan Baron de Biography, Alexander Fraser Laidlaw Biography, William Kaye Lamb Biography, Lament for a Nation, Sir Pierre-Amand Landry Biography…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: North to Second World War

North, the idea of, North West Company, North-West Mounted Police, Northwest Passage, North-West Rebellion, Northwest Staging Route, North-West Territories, Northwest Territories, Notman, William, and Sons, notwithstanding clause, ‘Nova Scarcity’, Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia No. 2 Construction Battalion (Coloured), Nova Scotia secessionist movement, nuclear energy, Nunavut, nursing, oath of allegiance, Ocean Ranger, October Crisis, 1970, Daniel John O'Donoghue Biography, Official Secrets Act, William Ogilvie Biography, oil and gas industry…

Encyclopedia of Canadian History: Laura Ingersoll Secord Biography to Zouaves

Sir John Hope Simpson (1868–1961), colonial administrator; Lady Hope Simpson Biography, St Andrews Biological Station, St John's, Louis Stephen St Laurent Biography, St Lawrence River system, St Lawrence Seaway agreement, St-Maurice forges, St-Pierre and Miquelon, St Roch, Laura Ingersoll Secord Biography, secularism, or secularization, security intelligence, seduction, tort of, seigneurial system, Thomas Douglas Selkirk Fifth Earl of Biography, Hans Selye Biography, Séminaire de Montréal, Séminaire de Québec, Senate, separate spheres, separatism…